Cornea
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What is Cornea ?
Cornea is the clear, dome-shaped front surface of the eye,that plays a vital role in focusing light onto the retina and maintaining clear vision. There are various corneal diseases, each with distinct causes, symptoms, and treatment options. Here are some common corneal diseases and their treatments:
- Corneal Abrasions and Erosions: These are injuries to the outermost layer of the cornea. Treatment typically involves lubricating eye drops, antibiotics to prevent infection, and sometimes a patch or bandage contact lens to aid healing.
- Corneal Infections (Keratitis): These can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. Treatment depends on the cause and severity of the infection and may involve antibiotic or antifungal eye drops, oral medications, and in severe cases, hospitalization.
- Corneal Dystrophies: These are genetic disorders that lead to abnormal changes in the cornea’s structure. Treatments may include eye drops, specialized contact lenses, and, in some cases, surgical interventions like corneal transplant.
- Corneal Ulcers: These are open sores on the cornea that can be caused by infections or other factors. Treatment involves identifying and treating the underlying cause, along with antibiotic or antifungal eye drops and possibly other medications.
- Keratoconus: This progressive condition causes the cornea to thin and bulge into a cone shape, leading to distorted vision. Treatment options include specialized contact lenses, corneal cross-linking (a procedure to strengthen the cornea), and in severe cases, corneal transplantation.
- Fuchs’ Endothelial Dystrophy: This condition affects the innermost layer of the cornea, leading to swelling and vision problems. Treatment may involve hypertonic saline eye drops, as well as endothelial keratoplasty (a type of corneal transplant).
- Corneal Scarring: Scarring can result from injuries, infections, or other trauma. Treatment varies depending on the extent and location of the scar and may involve medications, laser therapy, or surgical procedures.
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